Chick Webb

In a class as broadly famous and persuasive as jazz, even probably the most very much regarded artists could escape everyone's notice as far as being a standard legend. This isn't a disclosure of an announcement all alone, as this was the story for some an artist. The reason could be just be a loss of eclipsing during the jazz/swing furor, not being horrendously imaginative, or not having a series of hits. A portion of these causes even tormented the subject of this paper. In any case, it was another factor that makes his story so intriguing, yet tragic.Not each craftsman could be scratched in legend, for example, figures like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, or have his music played all over like Benny Goodman. In any case, Chick Webb’s sway on both the music, culture and strategy in regards to the drums were and still are very much regarded in the jazz scene, in spite of a portion of the elements that would keep him away from being an otherworldly star. The tale of Chick Webb needs in any case the factor that kept him down the most and is additionally the first to burden him. Regardless of his contested birth date, Chick was conceived in Baltimore, Maryland to William H. furthermore, Marie Johnson Webb.William Henry Webb, his original name, was brought into the world with spinal tuberculosis, a condition that would adversely influence him his entire life and at last cost him his life. So how can one deal with this agony, not to mention become the best jazz drummer ever? First off, playing the drums originated from his PCP. The expectation was that the fast development of the appendages that is required by the drums would â€Å"loosen up† his solid appendages and reduce the torment. With the intrigue of the instruments’ recreational and therapeutic obvious, a youthful Webb would turn into a paper kid with the sole objective of setting aside up enough cash to purchase a drum set.Until at that point, Webb would make due with the base of t oppled trash jars to spark his interest. By 11 years of age, Webb would have his drum set and by 17 years of age, he had moved to New York City to seek after his fantasy about being a player in the jazz capital of the world. Chick Webb started playing in New York night clubs when he showed up in 1924. Clubs, for example, the Paddock Club and the Black Bottom took him in, reference by in all honesty Duke Ellington, who right away perceived his ability. Ellington would turn into a significant figure in Webb’s life, both as a coach and an opponent, further down the line.Noting his predominant expertise and solid character, Ellington would urge Webb to shape and lead his own little band. Webb would do only that by framing the Harlem Stoppers, a quintet that would proceed to flexibly the interest for swing music in the period known as the Harlem Renaissance. His abilities were uncommon, and thought about perfect to fuel the playful pace of swing music and give a drive to the music that could once in a while be coordinated. Normally, this ability turned out to be immediately perceived everywhere throughout the city, prompting the development of the Harlem Stoppers, who might now be known as the Chick Webb Orchestra.Webb’s status as an effective artist was established when his band was chosen as the house band of the Savoy Ballroom, an incredible setting situated in Harlem. He would be the essence of the scene until his last years. Based exclusively off their own benefits, the Chick Webb Orchestra was a profoundly respected band. Be that as it may, what made the band unbelievable in its own privilege was their eagerness to acknowledge challengers in what was known as â€Å"cuttin’ sessions†, or clashes of the groups. Some great, yet common jazz groups endeavored to challenge the incomparable Chick Webb Orchestra, just to be smothered of the ballroom.However, when then-â€Å"King of Swing† Benny Goodman and his band showed up to chal lenge Webb’s, Chick started to at long last get some recognition from outside of New York. In New York, more than 9,000 individuals came to see this authentic occasion, 5,000 of them remaining outside just to get the opportunity of potentially hearing the momentous conflict that was to happen. Also, whenever the open door emerged for Webb and his band to say something, they did as such in power. Performing first, Goodman’s symphony performed respectably the same number of anticipated from a unit of their stature.But when Webb’s group started, the result would get self-evident. With the thunder of the group Webb’s ensemble, they would wind up blowing Benny Goodman’s band out of the assembly hall similarly as he did the various groups before him that tested him. His driving sounds regularly over-controlled different groups, playing into the hard swing of his ensemble. Quality Krupa, an unbelievable drummer in his own privilege and drummer for Goodman ’s band noticed that â€Å"Webb cut me to strips! † It was this second where Webb was delegated â€Å"King of Swing† and without a doubt â€Å"King of the Savoy†.Other unbelievable challengers, for example, Count Basie (who played Webb to a draw in any event), Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington would test the backbone of the Chick Webb Orchestra, however none would lessen his status as one of the transcendent bandleaders and performers of the time. Like most acclaimed muscians of the time, Webb started to record his work, starting in 1927. Be that as it may, his incredible sound was hard to record neatly without muffling the full organization of the work. This constrained im to mitigate his sound and let the remainder of the music even out, perhaps diminishing his distinction. Be that as it may, around and around inside the music business, Webb’s ability and impact didn't go unnoticed. When Decca Records framed in 1934, Webb marked to the name a nd put his most on the map chronicles, practically all of which including Ella Fitzgerald as the vocalist. Webb at first debilitated the incorporation of Fitzgerald as she didn't fit the picture of the run of the mill lead vocalist for a swing band. Be that as it may, when he heard her voice, she would turn into the lead vocalist for Chick Webb’s Orchestra.This expansion soar the vocations of both craftsman, changing Fitzgerald into a bonafide hotshot following the achievement of their top hit together, Fitzgeralds version of â€Å"A-tisket, A-Tasket†. As the quintessential swing craftsman, Webb’s sound consolidated consummately with Fitzgerald, to such an extent that she got known as the â€Å"First Lady of Swing†. Shockingly, one could state the immense prominence of Fitzgerald would regularly eclipse Webb, particularly evident on chronicles. What exacerbated it for Chick Webb, was the planning of his recently discovered prominence. In 1938, not very lo ng after the moment accomplishment of â€Å"A-tisket, A-tasket†, Webb’s wellbeing started to fail.Webb had been playing through torment his whole profession, regularly leaving the stage depleted. However, this time, his spinal condition turned out to be progressively genuine and confined him from playing to a standard that he esteemed fit for his fans. Looking for alleviation, Webb would come back to Baltimore for a significant activity at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Unfortunately, Webb could never leave the emergency clinic, kicking the bucket at only 34 years of age. Purportedly, his final words were to his mom, saying â€Å"I’m sorry, I’ve got the chance to go. † The regard the jazz scene had for Chick Webb was clear at his burial service, where the top artists of the opportunity all came to cover their respects.The overall population likewise came power, to such an extent that the congregation where the administrations were being held couldn't cont ain them all, and the parade was made out of right around 80 vehicles. As one of only a handful hardly any noticeable drummer-drove swing groups, Webb’s sway is quite often downplayed. Be it since his absence of hit records as the frontman, a consequence of Ella Fitzgerald’s prevalence or the era’s powerlessness to appropriately record his ability, or his abbreviated life expectancy, Chick Webb has become a to some degree overlooked name to the standard, in spite of his amazing status inside the jazz culture.But because of his persuasive style, and his fights against a portion of the more marquee names in jazz/swing, Chick Webb will never be overlooked. Works Cited Fritts, Ron, and Ken Vail. Ella Fitzgerald: The Chick Webb Years and past. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2003. Print. McDonough, John. â€Å"CHICK WEBB: THE MATRIX. † Down Beat 77. 8 (2010): 37. Downbeat. com. Down Beat, Aug. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www. downbeat. com/digitaledition/2010/d b201008/_art/DB201008. pdf>. Sandler, Gilbert. â€Å"Webb Won the Battle of the Bands. † Baltimore Sun.N. p. , 28 Apr. 1992. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://articles. baltimoresun. com/1992-04-28/news/1992119136_1_chick-webb-quality krupa-benny-goodman>. Teichroew, Jacob. â€Å"Artist Profile: Swing Drummer and Bandleader Chick Webb. † About. com Jazz. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://jazz. about. com/od/classicjazzartists/p/Artist-Profile-Swing-Drummer-And-Bandleader-Chick-Webb. htm>. Turner, Nathaniel. â€Å"Chick Webb Bio. † Chick Webb Bio. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. <http://www. nathanielturner. com/chickwebbbio. htm>.

Engaging in CSR Activities for Starbucks Research Paper

Taking part in CSR Activities for Starbucks - Research Paper Example The organization is headquartered in Seattle and has in excess of twenty thousand stores in various areas of the world. The espresso chain alongside the principle item espresso which comes in different structures likewise serves tidbits and baked goods. The stores sell bundled food just as other product that are utilized as materials for the advancement of the brand like espresso cups (Pendergrast 133). Despite the fact that for the most part situated in the US, Starbucks has wandered into different nations too like Japan, Canada, South Korea, Thailand, Mexico, Germany , China and numerous different nations. The organization throughout the long stretches of its reality has partaken into different CSR exercises which has carried the brand into the spotlight. These exercises have fluctuated over the different social issues including ecological insurance, thinking about the espresso makers, rehearsing reasonable exchange just as selling items for gathering cash for kids out of luck (War ner 1). Issue Identification The organization as a piece of its ecological manageability measures began the utilization of the paper cups which were professed to be made of the reused paper. In this way the food and the refreshments were interacting with this reused paper cups. These reused materials were being utilized in the cups as well as in the in the cardboard transporters and the napkins. The organization guaranteed that it would directly affect the earth and would have the option to spare just about 5 million pounds of tree fiber consistently (Tice 1). This was a positive advance on part of the organization from the supportability perspective. In any case, the organization went over a great deal of debate since the cups are made of materials that have been utilized before by different clients (Taylor 49). In this way there were cleanliness and wellbeing issues identifying with the utilization of such utilized materials. It was guaranteed by a lot of individuals that Starbuck s had not taken the authorization of Food and Drug Administration before making such a stride, that could hurt the wellbeing of the shoppers. In this manner the inquiry that surfaced was the amount Starbucks was having the option to convey the social obligation objectives that it had set and what were the results of the means taken. Issue centrality The issue is significant from different regards on the grounds that the soundness of the clients of Starbucks were in question. Above all else, the cost that was caused by the organization during the time spent reusing was pushed to the clients who were purchasing the espresso. In the event that it was an instance of CSR, at that point the reusing cost ought to have been borne by Starbucks. In any case, the extremist gatherings were of the supposition that the organization avoided such expenses. Besides, the material that was utilized by one individual was given to someone else (Bryant 173). This could prompt different medical issues tha t would not agree to the cleanliness principles. Thirdly, the organization had not taken the endorsement of the FDA which was compulsory on part of the organization. At long last, the customers’ assessments were not thought of while taking this choice of executing the utilization of cups made of reused paper (Locke and Latham 73). Along these lines from the monetary, legitimate, social, good and moral perspective the progression was not fitting. Distinguishing the partners In request to recognize the partners and their relative intrigue and force in the issue a partner map has been drawn and their relative significance has been plotted as beneath.

Perot, H. Ross

Perot, H. Ross Perot, H. Ross (Henry Ross Perot), 1930â€", American business executive and political leader, b. Texarkana, Tex., grad. Annapolis, 1953. In 1957 he resigned his commission and became a salesman for IBM. In 1962 he founded Electronic Data Systems (EDS), one of the first computer data service companies. In 1984, he sold EDS to General Motors, but retained an interest in the company. Bitterly critical of General Motors management, he sold his remaining interests in EDS to GM for $700 million (1986). He diversified into real estate, gas, and oil and in 1988 started a new computer service company, Perot Systems. Perot came to national attention during the Iran hostage crisis (1979), when he funded an operation that rescued two of his employees from an Iranian prison. In 1992, he emerged as an independent candidate for president, expressing serious concern over the national debt. After a departure from the race in July, which alienated much of his support, he returned in October and fi nished third in the general election with nearly one fifth of the popular vote. He subsequently opposed the ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement . In 1995 Perot founded a new national political party, the Reform party , as an alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties. As the party's 1996 presidential candidate, he again finished third in the presidential race, but with a much reduced popular vote. While Perot remained a significant force in the party, during the late 1990s his role was gradually eclipsed by the Reform governor of Minnesota, Jesse Ventura. See K. Follett, On Wings of Eagles (1983); D. Levin, Irreconcilable Differences: Ross Perot versus General Motors (1989). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Edward Teller and the Hydrogen Bomb

What we should have learned is that the world is small, that peace is important and that cooperation in science... could contribute to peace. Nuclear weapons, in a peaceful world, will have a limited importance. -Edward Teller in CNN interview Significance of Edward Teller Theoretical physicist Edward Teller is  often referred to as the Father of the H-Bomb. He was part of a group of scientists who invented the atomic bomb as part of the  U.S. government-led  Manhattan Project. He was also the co-founder of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where together with Ernest Lawrence, Luis Alvarez, and others, he invented the hydrogen bomb in 1951. Teller spent most of the 1960s working to  keep the United States ahead of the Soviet Union in the nuclear arms race. Tellers Education and Contributions Teller was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1908. He earned a degree in chemical engineering at the Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe, Germany and received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the University of Leipzig. His doctoral thesis was on the hydrogen molecular ion, the foundation for the theory of molecular orbitals that remains  accepted to this day. Although his early training was in chemical physics and spectroscopy, Teller also made substantial contributions to diverse fields such as nuclear physics, plasma physics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics. The Atomic Bomb It was Edward Teller who drove Leo Szilard and Eugene Wigner to meet with Albert Einstein, who together would write a letter to President Roosevelt urging him to pursue atomic weapons research before the Nazis did. Teller worked on the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and later became the labs assistant director. This led to the invention of the atomic bomb in 1945. The Hydrogen Bomb In 1951, while still at Los Alamos, Teller came up with  the idea for a thermonuclear weapon. Teller was more determined than ever to push for its development after the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb in 1949. This was a major reason why he was determined to lead the successful development and testing of the first hydrogen bomb. In 1952, Ernest Lawrence and Teller opened the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where he was the associate director from 1954 to 1958 and 1960 to 1965. He was its director from 1958 to 1960. For the next 50  years, Teller did his research at the Livermore National Laboratory, and between 1956 and 1960 he proposed and developed thermonuclear warheads small and light enough to be carried on submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Awards Teller published more than a dozen books on subjects ranging from energy policy to defense issues and was awarded 23 honorary degrees. He received numerous awards for his contributions to physics and public life. Two months before his death in 2003, Edward Teller was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom—the nations highest civil honor—during a special ceremony conducted by President George W. Bush at the White House.

Key Pieces of Major Declaration Essay Samples Culp Georgetown

Key Pieces of Major Declaration Essay Samples Culp Georgetown In a market economy, to attain efficiency, the resources have to be allocated in such a manner they are readily available to various users at different geographic locations. To comprehend how women are portrayed as activists, it is essential to have knowledge on the plot of the film. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. You may trust us to supply expert aid for many of your academic writing needs. Major Declaration Essay Samples Culp Georgetown - the Story As soon as your writing is finished, make certain to have an editor review your essay for you. First and foremost it's essential to be certain that you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. Qualities of a very good persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. It will be simpler that you compose a great persuasive ess ay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to choose a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. High school essay examples incorporate a number of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. All essays will have a particular topic that's either one you choose or one which is provided for you. High school essays are structured very similarly whatever the topic and fantastic essay structure will let you compose a crystal clear essay that flows from 1 paragraph to the next. The Lost Secret of Major Declaration Essay Samples Culp Georgetown Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. The most important element which creates a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. The simplest way to decide on the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. Just stick to the guidelines stated above, and you will be well on your way to writing a fantastic persuasive essay. A persuasive essay needs to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. The target of a persuasive essay is to convince your readers your viewpoint is the ideal viewpoint. If you're already on the lookout for persuasive essay examples online, you most likely have a somewhat vague idea about how to begin writing. Trying to persuade your teacher may be quite exhausting. Essay writing is often practiced is schools. Generally, students are requested to compose assignments which take between 30 minutes and a complete hour. First-year students otherwise enter the College as Undeclared students, employing the initial and second year to learn more about the curriculum seeking their selection of major. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. Minors might be declared at the exact same time you're declaring your major. Students shouldn't have to wear uniforms. They should not have to wear school uniforms because they limit students' ability to express their individuality. You have to find the proper resources for your essay together with patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. Other goals include the demonstration of amazing research abilities and deep understanding of the subject. The perfect place to bear in mind is an absolutely free online English writing lab named Purdue OWL. Therefore, it's imperative to learn how to approach any issue with a strong focus on solving it. Utilizing reliable sources for research is vital. Begin with general subjects that you are conversant with then narrow down to a certain topic. Whichever topic you select, always don't forget the value of literature sources. Possessing very good research abilities and selecting a superb topic is critical. The Tried and True Method for Major Declaration Essay Samples Culp Georgetown in Step by Step Detail If you wish to learn how to compose an excellent persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct spot! Having found the side that you're standing for, you will need to guarantee you fully grasp the viewpoint of the opposite side. To begin with, it's important to pick a topic that it is possible to take a stand for. When you settle on the subject and pick the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. The major portion of a brief essay is known as the body. All of the primary points ought to be concisely mentioned in the preview. Clearly, you ought not purposely select a topic that will bore your audience. The remaining portion of the paragraph should argue the most important point. What Does Major Declaration Essay Samples Culp Georgetown Mean? You should incorporate a distinct phrase for every one of your topics of assessment. Use the very best terms you can imagine! There's a pool of subjects to pick from. There are several free examples of appropriate formatting.

Italy Tax System Free Essays

Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN BUSINNES LAW Tax system in Italy 2009/2010 Taxation in Italy The taxation system in Italy is administered by the Agenzia delle Entrate (Revenue Agency) which is the national legal authority for taxation. Taxation of an individual’s income in Italy is progressive. In other words, the higher the income, the higher the rate of tax payable. We will write a custom essay sample on Italy Tax System or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are reduced rates of tax and tax exemptions available to certain income earners. The liability for Italian income tax depends on where a person is domiciled. A domicile is usually the country we regard as the permanent home and where we live most of the year. A foreigner working in Italy for an Italian company who became resident in Italy and has no income tax liability abroad is considered to have a tax domicile in Italy. A person can be resident in more than one country at any time, but can be domiciled only in one country. The country of domicile is important regarding inheritance tax, as there’s no longer any inheritance tax in Italy. Generally, person is considered to be an Italian resident and liable to Italian tax if any of the following applies: †¢The person has permanent home in Italy; †¢He/She stays at least 183 days in Italy during any calendar year †¢Person carries out paid professional activities or employment in Italy, except when secondary to business activities conducted in another country; †¢The centre of person’s economic interest in in Italy If the person is registered as a resident in a comune, he/ she is liable to pay income tax in Italy. If a person moves to Italy to take up a job or start a business, he/she must register with the local tax authorities soon after the arrival. This is done at a local tax office. An individual is also liable for tax on his income as an employee and on income as a self-employed person. Tax will be payable on income earned in Italy and overseas by an individual who meets the test of a â€Å"permanent resident† of Italy. A foreign resident who is employed in Italy pays tax only on income earned in Italy. It is important to point out as regards taxable income from outside Italy, that a â€Å"tax credit† is granted for tax deducted outside Italy. In the case of income from a salary, the employer is obligated to deduct the amount of tax payable on a monthly basis. A self-employed person must prepay income tax that will be offset on filing an annual return. The advance payment is determined on the basis of the return made for the previous year. In the event of a new business, the advance will be calculated on the basis of estimates made by the owner of the business. The taxation system in Italy is divided into two categories: Direct taxes * IRPEF or IRE: Imposta sui Redditti delle Persone Fisiche ( Personal Income Tax) * IRPEG or IRES: Imposta sur Redditi delle Persone Giuridiche (Corportation Tax on the Income of limited liability and joint-stock companies – SRL or SpA) * IRAP: Imposte Regionale sulle Attivita Produttive (Regional Tax which applies to the value of goods and services) Italy Personal Income Tax rates in year 2009 * 23%0 – 15,000(EUR) * 27%15,001-28,000(EUR) * 38%28,001-55,000(EUR) * 41%55,001-75,000(EUR) 43%75,001 and over (EUR) Capital Gains Tax in Italy For individuals capital gains are generally added to the regular income. †¢The rate of tax payable on capital gains from shareholding is 12. 5% for non-qualifying shareholding of up to 25% in a company. †¢For the purpose of calculating a capital gain, the gain is decreased in line with the rate of increase in inflation, from the date of purchase to the da te of sale. In regard to capital gains in a corporation, identical relief is allowed at the rate of increase in the Index. †¢Companies pay 27. 5% tax on capital gains. In sale of participation, 95% is tax exempt, subject to certain conditions. Italy Reporting Dates and Payment The tax year in Italy ends on December 31st. Advance payments of tax are made on the following basis. †¢ An Individual – An individual whose only income is from a salary is not obligated to file an annual tax return. His employer deducts tax from the employee and transfers the payment immediately to the tax authorities on a monthly basis. †¢ A Self-Employed Individual is obliged to pay 100% of the tax forecast for a year, or an amount that is the equivalent of 98% of the tax paid in the previous year. The pre-payment is made in two installments. 40% of the total is paid by June 20th and the remaining 60% is paid on November 30. The date for filing an annual return for an individual is July 31. Fines are imposed for arrears in filing an annual return at the rate of 120% – 240% of the tax, depending on the length of time that the return is in arrears. †¢ A Limited Company – A limited company is obligated to submit Financial Statements within 30 days of the date of approval of the Statements. Up until the date of approval of the Statements, the Company is obligated to pay the amount of tax due for the previous year as well as 40% of the advance on account of the tax forecast for the current year. Italy Deduction of Tax at Source Italy Taxation of Employees As regards employed persons, the employer is obligated to deduct tax at source from an employee and to make additional contributions to social security. Italy Social Security †¢An employed person – th e employer’s contribution is around 30% of the salary and the employee’s contribution is around 10% of the salary. A self-employed person – the rate of payment is between 17%-25. 7% with an upper limit that changes from year to year. Indirect taxes * IVA (VAT) * Imposta di Registro (Registration Tax) * Imposte Ipotecarie e Catastali (Mortgage and Land Registration) * Imposta di Bollo (Revenue Stamps) * Accise o Imposte di Fabbricazione e consumo (Inland Duties) IVA (VAT) * Standard Rate 20% (since Oct 1997) Reduced Rate 10% Italy VAT Recovery Time: 18 months Italy VAT Registration Threshold Non-Resident: Nil Inheritance Tax ; Gift Tax There is no longer any tax on inherited property, regardless of its value and the relationship between the deceased and the heirs. On immovable property and real property rights, the catastral tax (imposta catastale) and land registry tax (imposta ipotecaria) must be paid at the rates of one percent and two percent, respectively, of the cadastral value of the property or the real property rights included in the inheritance. If one of the beneficiaries satisfies the conditions for the main or only residence (prima casa), the cadastral and land registry taxes due on an inheritance or a gift are a fixed amount of â‚ ¬168 each. In relation to gifts, the rules vary depending on the degree of kinship and the value of the gift. There are no taxes payable on gifts in favour of a spouse, descendants or other relatives up to the fourth degree. Gifts in favour of persons other than those mentioned above are subject to taxes on the transfer if the value of the share due to each beneficiary is greater. Other Taxes There are other taxes payable to central, regional, provincial or local governments. These are usually paid once a year. Bollo Auto (Car Tax), which includes the tax on your car radio and the stamp duty on your Italian driving licence * Bollo Moto (Motorbike Tax) * Bollo Motorino (Scooter Tax) * Canone RAI (TV Tax) * Tassa Rifiuti (Garbage Tax) * Imposta Comunale Sugli Immobili – ICI (Municipal Property Tax) Deductible Burdens and Tax Allowances Tax allowances include the so-called â€Å"no-tax area†, (a deduction of between â‚ ¬3,000 and â‚ ¬7,500 to avoid taxing those on low incomes), as well as allowances for dependant family members (dependant wife and/or children). Some deductible burdens (oneri deducibili) are expenses which can be used to reduce the total income. For example: some types of medical expenses, national insurance contributions, donations to religious institutions, donations to universities, research bodies and associations for the protection of assets of artistic interest, the cadastral income (income deriving from the value of any land owned) of the main residence are considered to be deductible burdens. Some deductible burdens are expenses which can be used to reduce the amount of the gross tax due. Again by way of example: medical expenses, passive interest on mortgages, education expenses, donations to Bodies or Foundations for research, for performing arts, for social purposes, donations to political parties. Each type of expense has its own rules for the deductions. For example: from rental property income a fixed amount of 15 percent of the income is deducted for expenses, while from business and self-employed income the expenses sustained for the carrying out of the activity are deducted. Some unearned incomes are taxed only on 40 percent of the amount. The majority of these burdens are not deductible from the income of non-residents. Other deductions in Italy Deductions must be made from the following payments to nonresidents according to this table: * Dividend27 (1. 375% to EU and EEA residents) * Royalties22. 5% * Interest12. 5 / 27% * Director’s Remuneration20% Deduction at source in the case of a dividend, royalties and interest paid to foreign residents is subject to the Double Taxation Prevention Treaty. Double Taxation Treaties Double taxation treaties contain rules that determine in which country an individual is resident. Italian residents are taxed on their world-wide income, subject to certain treaty exceptions. Non-residents are normally taxed only on income arising in Italy. Citizens of most other countries are exempt from paying taxes in their home country when they spend a minimum period abroad, e. g. a year. Double taxation treaties are designed to ensure that income that has already been taxed in one treaty country isn’t taxed again in another treaty country. The treaty establishes a tax credit or exemption on certain kinds of income, either in the country of residence or the country where the income was earned. Where applicable, a double taxation treaty prevails over domestic law. Italy has double taxation treaties with over 60 countries, including all members of the EU, Australia, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland India, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, RSA, Russia, Singapore, the Slovak Republic, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Turkey, and the US. Bibliography: SOCR. CZ. Pravidla pro volny pohyb sluzeb a svobodu usazovani v  EU- Italie. [online]. [cit. 2010-04-12]. URL:http://www. ocr. cz/images/prirucka/pdf/it. pdf, cit. 1 BUSINESSINFO:CZ. Italie: Financni a danovy sektor [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. URL:http://www. businessinfo. cz/cz/sti/italie-financni-a-danovy-sektor/5/1000683/ ANGLOINFO. COM. Personal Taxes – Income Tax, Capital Gains Inheritance Tax – in Italy. [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. URL: http://rome. angloinfo. com/countries/italy/tax. asp CANADI NTERNATIONAL. GC:CA. Income and Other Taxes in Italy. [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. http://www. canadainternational. gc. ca/italy-italie/consular_services_consulaires/tax_italy-italie_taxes. aspx? lang=eng How to cite Italy Tax System, Essay examples

INTRODUCTION Essays (1015 words) - Charles Dickens,

INTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFE Charles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was free he lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London.1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However, most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4 MIDDLE LIFE Dickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820's. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speach realistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens' first book, Sketches by Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherine's sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens' suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens and Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFE,/b His later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could, cause he loved drama. Dickens also produced and acted in small theaters

5 Seasonal Jobs for People Who Dont Want to Work in Retail

5 Seasonal Jobs for People Who Dont Want to Work in Retail Hoping to snag a seasonal job to bump up your income for the end of the year- but don’t want to end up in an elf costume or folding sweaters all weekend long? Retail gigs are great, of course, but if they’re not your particular extra-spending-money cup of tea this season, there are still available seasonal gigs that might be. Here are 5 great examples of seasonal jobs that have nothing to do with retail.1. Election ClerkThis is a temporary, part-time job around election time. Look into your county or state’s Board of Elections and see if they are planning to hire any extra help. If you’re organized, reliable, efficient, and into democracy, this could be a great option for you.2. Seasonal Sports InstructorIf you’re good at a sport and a good teacher, this is a great way to make a little extra scratch. Say it’s summer and you’re great at fly fishing. Or it’s the holidays and you’re an accomplished skier. This could be a gre at way of combining one of your favorite activities with the chance to earn some bonus cash.3. Tax AssociateTax season is just around the corner, believe it or not. At least, it’s not too early to start casting your net if you’re a tax prep guru and looking for a seasonal gig at tax time.4. Admissions ReaderEver wonder how all those colleges and universities read through all of the applications they’re sent? They don’t! (Well, they do, just not every single one as carefully as possible.) Find an institution with rolling admissions or transfer admissions and see what the relevant opportunities might be.5. HR AdminEver wonder who vets and hires all this temporary, seasonal help? Often human resources departments will take on extra team members to help them process extra applications at busy times. Take advantage of the seasonal economy growing!

Bachelors Degree How Many Years Does It Take

Bachelor's Degree How Many Years Does It Take SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wait- a bachelor’s degree is how many years? Most Americans wouldn’t hesitate to say, "Four." But as it turns out, this isn’t always the case- and certainly doesn’t have to be for you if you’d rather graduate early! In this guide, we addressone of students' biggest questionsabout college: how many years is a bachelor’s degree, and how can you shorten this time frame? Read on to learn what a typical bachelor's degree entails in terms of credits and classes, how long bachelor's programs generally are, and how you can reduce the time it will take you to earn a bachelor's degree. We'll also cover the biggest drawbacks of getting your degree in less than four years. What Is a Bachelor’s Degree? Overview A bachelor’s degree- also known as a baccalaureate- is an undergraduate degree bestowed by colleges and universities onpeople who have completed an academic program, typically lasting around four years. A bachelor’s degree designates achievement of an education level higher than that of a high school diploma/GED and associate degree (i.e., a two-year undergraduate degree) but lower than that of a graduate degree (master's or doctoral). One of the most common types of degrees for college-bound students, bachelor's degrees are available in a vast array of disciplines, from math and science to the arts and humanities. They also come in several varieties depending on the discipline/field, program, and institution. Here are some of the most common types of bachelor's degrees you’ll see: Bachelor of Arts (BA) Bachelor of Science (BS) Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Bachelor of Music (BM) Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) Bachelor of Engineering (BE, BEng) There are many benefits to getting a bachelor's degree. Besides expanding your knowledge of a particular field, bachelor's degrees aregreatfor finding well-paying jobs and establishing a career that interests you. According to findings by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median weekly earnings for people with a bachelor's degree is $1,173 per week. That's $337 more than what those with associate degrees make in a week,and $461 more than what those with only high school diplomas make. In short, education pays off! Now that we’ve looked at what a bachelor's degree is and how it can be useful for you, it’s time to get to the meat of the article: how many years is a bachelor's degree? Getting a Bachelor's Degree: How Many Years Does It Take? How long does it take to get a bachelor’s degree? The answer to this question depends on several factors, but in the US, most students earn their bachelor's degreesin four to six years of full-time study (not including summers). According to a 2016 report by the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, 37.5% of students in bachelor's degree programs at four-year public institutions earned their degrees in four years. In addition,75.4% of students earned their bachelor's degrees in six or fewer years. Of course, some students earn their bachelor's degrees in less time- as little as three years- whereas others earn theirs in more time- up to eight or more years. Here are some key factors that determine how much time your bachelor's degree takes: Whether you have any credits from AP/IB exams or community college classes How many classes you take per semester Whether you take classes over the summer What your major requires in terms of credits and classes Whether you’re double majoring Whether you’re taking classes full- or part-time The total number of credits youmust accumulate to get your bachelor’s degree can vary slightly depending on the school and whether it uses a semester or quarter system. Generally speaking, most bachelor's degree programs require a minimum of 120-130 semester credits, or 180-190 quarter credits. This is roughly equivalent to 40 classes. The classes you must take will vary widely depending on both your major and school. Typically, though, you’ll need to take the following types of classes to get a bachelor's degree: General Education classes:Normally, all bachelor's degree candidates must take these core classes, regardless of their majors. Classes span a variety of subjects, including math, science, writing, and social studies/history. Exact requirements vary depending on the school. Major classes: These are the classes you must take to fulfill the requirements for your major and minor. Usually, these may not overlap with the Gen Ed classes you're required to take. College, school, or departmental classes: These classes are required by the college, school, and/or department that houses your major. At the University of Michigan, for instance, those in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts must earn at least 100 credits in the College but may earn the remaining 20 credits through a different college or department, such as the College of Engineering. When it comes to taking electives- even if the credits count toward your degree's total number of required credits- if they do not fulfill any of the three criteria above, they might prolong the time it takes for you to earn your bachelor's degree. Lastly, many colleges these days offer online bachelor's degree programs,through which you can earn a bachelor’s degree entirely online. Because these programs offer more flexibility than a traditional program, you could earn your degree in even less time (more on this later). Ready to speed through your degree? How to Get a Bachelor’s Degree in Less Time: 6 Tips How many years is a bachelor’s degree? Typically four, but it’s certainly possible to get yours in less time, if you so choose. In this section, we go over six key ways you can reduce the time it’ll take to get your bachelor’s degree. Tip 1: Start Earning College Credit in High School One of the easiest ways to reduce the time it takes to get a bachelor's degree is to start in high school by taking AP tests, IB tests, and community college classes. First, let's look at AP tests. Byearning high scores on AP exams (typically a score of 3+), you'll getcollege credits that can be applied toward your bachelor’s degree. For example, at the University of Michigan you can earn anywhere from 2 to 5 credit hours for high scores on AP tests (what you earn will vary depending on what exam you take and what score you get on it), whereas at Stanford you can earn up to 10 quarter units for scores of 4 or 5 on AP tests. AP scores can also allow you towaive certain General Education or major requirements at colleges, thereby saving you time you would've spent actually taking those classes in college. Nevertheless, not all collegespermit this. Some will only accept AP credits as elective credits that count toward the total credits required for your degree but not for specific major/minor or departmental credits. For example, on its website,UCLAmakes it clear that "AP credit does not satisfy General Education requirements." In addition to AP scores, high scores from IB exams can count as credits toward your bachelor’s degree. You’lltypicallyneed a score in the range of 5-7 on an IB exam in order to earn college credit for it. Be aware that colleges are more likely to award credit for higher-level IB exams than they are standard-level IB exams. So if you’ve finished a standard-level IB course, just know that you might not actually get any college credit for it! In addition, becauseAP classes and tests are more popular, colleges might be less likely to accept IB exam credits. I strongly advise you to check the official credit policies for each college you're consideringso you'll know what kinds of tests they accept for credit and how much credit you’ll get (some schools offer more credit for AP tests over IB tests, or vice versa). Finally, and only if a collegeallows this,you might be able toearn credits for college while in high school by taking some community college courses.It's not particularly common for four-year colleges to accept community college credits from high school students, so be sure to check first with the colleges you’reconsidering to see whether they'll actually accept these credits. Tip 2: Choose a Major Early and Stick With It Knowing for sure what you want to major in will help streamline your bachelor's programand could even cut down the time it takes you to get your degree. If you end up changing your major a couple of years in or wait to declare one until late into your program, you’ll most likely be in college for at least four years- possibly longer! Moreover,choosing just one major can reduce the time it takes to get your degree.Though there’s nothing wrong with double majoring(I did it), doing so means you’ll likely be in school for four years, maybe longer. Ultimately, you have to decide what’s important for you.Would you rather get your bachelor’s degree in less time but only be able to have just one major? Or, would you rather spend more time in college- four or more years- and be able to study everything you want? I suggest meeting with your college academic advisor as soon as you can to explain your plans and see what your options are for courses and schedules. Talk to your advisor aboutadjusting your schedule so you can graduate sooner. Tip 3: Take More Classes Each Semester/Quarter One way students can try to reduce the time to their degrees is to take more classes during the semester/quarter. Essentially, instead of taking the normal course load of, say, four classes per semester (whichwe'll sayis equal to 16 credits), you'd be taking five classes (20 credits). By taking just one or two extra classes a semester, you could cut down your program by as much as a whole semester or year, allowing you to graduate early. As a reminder, the "normal" number of credits you take per semester/quarter will vary depending on the institution. Check with your college (or any colleges you’re considering) to see how many credits students typically take and whether there is a maximum number of credits or courses you can take per semester/quarter. Tip 4: Enroll in Summer Classes Manystudents earn their bachelor's degrees in four years of continuous full-time study, but this time frame doesn’t include summer courses, which offer you an extra quarter or semester of credits.Just makesure that the courses you take are ones you need to graduate, such as major courses or General Education courses, and you're ready to go. Though most students who take summer classes do so at their home institutions, another option is to take college classes at a local community college during the summer. Doing this can be more convenient if yourschool is far away and you want to stay close to home in the summer. Check that your school will accept these summer credits before you decide to enroll in any community college classes. Also, be aware that you most likely won’t be able to transfer grades to your home institution- just the credits you earn. Summer school students need cool backpacks, too. (CollegeDegrees360/Flickr) Tip 5: Look Specifically for Shorter Bachelor’s Programs Many schools offer bachelor’s degree programs that are specifically designed to let you getyour degree in a shorter time frame, usually three years. These programs can vary significantly in how they’re structured, butnormally you'll be given a strict schedule to follow as well as special academic advising. If you’re dead-set on getting your degree in less time, it's worthit to see what colleges offer these programs and whether they have the program available in your intended major. The following chartshowspopular schools withthree-year bachelor’s degree programs.The schools have been arranged in alphabetical order, with each including its location and programs offered. You can find more three-year’s bachelor's degree programs bysearching on Google for"three-year bachelor’s degree programs site:.edu." School Location 3-Year Programs Offered Ball State University Muncie, IN Nursing Central State University Wilberforce, OH Accounting, Business Administration, Political Science Grace College Winona Lake, IN Most majors Hartwick College Oneonta, NY Most majors Newbury College Brookline, MA All majors except Computer Science, Graphic Design, Interior Design, Culinary Management Regis College Weston, MA Biology, Global Business Management, Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, Psychology, Social Work Southern New Hampshire University Manchester, NH Accounting, Accounting and Finance, Business Administration, Business Analytics, Computer Information Systems, Economics and Finance, Fashion Merchandising and Management, Hospitality Business, Marketing, Operations and Project Management, Sport Management Southern Utah University Cedar City, UT About half of all majors SUNY Potsdam Potsdam, NY Biology, Chemistry, Communication, Computer Science, Creative Writing, Geology, Literature, Literature and Writing, Physics, Politics, Studio Art, Theatre, Writing Thomas College Waterville, ME Accounting, Business and Management, Communications, Computer and Technology, Criminal Justice, English, Finance, Marketing, Political Science, Psychology, Sports Management Trinity International University Deerfield, IL Most majors University of San Francisco San Francisco, CA Most majors University of Toledo Toledo, OH Most majors Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI Most majors Tip 6: Consider Getting a Bachelor’s Degree Entirely or Partly Online Many colleges offer online and hybrid bachelor’s degree programs, both of which usually take less time than a typical four-year undergraduate degree. An online programis where you take all your classes and turn in all assignments online. A hybrid program, on the other hand, is where you take both in-person and online classes- in short, it's a mix between a traditional program and an online one. If you don’t mind the idea of not going to an actual campus and not meeting with classmates and professors, an online or hybrid bachelor’s degree program could be for you. Just know that there can be some big disadvantages to doing one, including fewer (if any) networking opportunities and a lack of prestige (online and hybrid programs are still sometimes viewed as less "legitimate" than traditional ones). These programs can save you both time and money becauseof their flexibility. For example, at Purdue, "most [online] bachelor’s degree programs can typically be completed in 2 to 4 years." This short time frame is made possible due to the great flexibility students have regarding when they choose totake classes and access assignments. Here's a list of the top 15 universities offering online bachelor’s degree programs. (Note that the US News rankings are specifically for the online programs and not for each school as a whole.) School US News Ranking Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 1 Arizona State University 2 Ohio State University- Columbus 3 (tie) Oregon State University 3 (tie) Penn State 5 (tie) University of Florida 5 (tie) University of Illinois- Chicago 5 (tie) Colorado State University 8 (tie) University at Buffalo- SUNY 8 (tie) UNC - Wilmington 8 (tie) University of Oklahoma 8 (tie) Loyola University Chicago 12 (tie) University of Alabama- Birmingham 12 (tie) University of Central Florida 14 CUNY School of Professional Studies 15 (tie) Utah State University 15 (tie) Western Kentucky University 15 (tie) Getting a Bachelor’s Degree Faster: 4 Disadvantages How many years is a bachelor’s degree? Perhaps you’re hoping it’s less than four for you- and while there’s nothing wrong withearning your degree faster, there are some drawbacks you should be aware of. #1: Your Workload Will Be Heavier Finishing a bachelor’s degree in fewer than four years most likely means you’ll be working harder than other students by taking more classes during the school year and/or over the summer. With such a heavy workload, you’ll more than likely havefar less time to interact socially, go on vacations, and participate in extracurricular activities,such as clubs and sports. This could all negatively impact your personal satisfaction with your college experience, depending on what you hoped to get out of it. For some students, these drawbacks might not bea big deal.But if they will be for you, you might want to reconsider what you’re willing to give up in order to get your degree faster. #2: You’ll Have Fewer Chances to Take Classes Just for Fun Getting a bachelor’s degree in less time means not only following a strict schedule but also taking only the classes you need to take to get your degree. Consequently, you’ll very likely have fewer opportunities to take electives, that is, classes that are just for fun. Electives can enrich your college experience by allowing you to explore subjects you’re interested in but have never had the chance to study in-depth. Without the time in your schedule to take any classes for fun, you might feel as though you've missed the chance to explore other intellectual interests you have outside your major. #3: You Won’t Have Time for Summer Jobs and Internships Similar to the disadvantage above, if you’re taking classes over the summer to get your bachelor’s degree in less time, you won’t have any time during the summer to focus on other things, such as internships and jobs. This can be a big drawback if you’re hoping to get some work experience in your field before you graduate college. The trade-off here is whether you would rather graduate early with little to no work or internship experienceor graduate at a normal (or slightly slower) pace with more professional experience. #4: You’ll Have to Pay More Upfront Taking extra classes- whether it’s during the school year, the summer, or both periods- usually means you’ll need to pay more upfront for these classes. Although finishing your bachelor’s degree in less time can save you a ton of money in the long run (you won’t have to pay for any more tuition, class fees, housing, or meal plans) you still need to be prepared to pay more upfront for the extra classes you'll be taking and any housing and/or meal plans you’ll need(if taking summer classes). Recap: So A Bachelor’s Degree Is How Many Years? Most students in the US earn their bachelor’s degrees in about four years of continuous full-time study (excluding summers). That being said, many people are able to shorten this time frame to as few as three or even two years by planning ahead and taking advantage of certain opportunities. Although you’ll still need the minimum number of credits required to get your bachelor’s degree (usually 120-130 semester credits or 180-190 quarter credits), it ispossible toaccumulate this number of credits in a shorter amount of time. Here are six possible ways you could do this: Start earning college credit in high school through AP exams, IB exams, and (if a college will accept it) community college courses Choose a major early on and stick with it- this will help you plan out your future better and keep you on track with one main academic focus Take more classes each semester/quarter so you can earn the credits you need faster Enroll in summer classesto earn credits ahead of schedule Look specifically for shorter bachelor’s programs if you prefer a program that offers a built-in structure for studentswho want to finish in a shorter time frame Consider getting a bachelor’s degree online- bothonline and hybrid programs will give you the flexibilityyou need toeasily earn a degree in less time Before you get to work figuring out how you can shorten the time it’ll take to get your bachelor’s degree, takea moment toconsider some of the drawbacks tofollowing such a strict schedule. Here are the four biggest disadvantages you’ll want to think about before making any decisions: Your workload will be heavier, making it hard to find time for socializing with classmates and friends, participating in extracurricular activities, relaxing, andgoing on vacations You’ll have fewer chances to take classes just for fun, which can be frustrating if there are fields outside your major you’re interested in learning about You won’t have time for summer jobs or internships,meaning you’ll be graduating with less professional experience than you might want to have You’ll have to pay more upfront for extra classes, summer housing, and meal plans- though you'll most likelysave money in the long run! Ultimately, whether or not you want to try to get a bachelor's degree in less time is completely up to you. Just make sure that you know what you're getting yourself into! What’s Next? Not sure what you want to study in college?Get tips on how you can choose the best major for you, and learn about the benefits of double majoring if you're interested in more than one field. How much does college cost these days?Our expert guide goes over how much you can expect to pay for your undergraduate educationand offers tips on how you can fork out less money. You can also check out our guide to the cheapest out-of-state colleges. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hannah Muniz About the Author Hannah received her MA in Japanese Studies from the University of Michigan and holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California. From 2013 to 2015, she taught English in Japan via the JET Program. She is passionate about education, writing, and travel. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Resent Collapse of Financial Sector in Southeast Asia in 1997 Essay

Resent Collapse of Financial Sector in Southeast Asia in 1997 - Essay Example Maintenance of sufficient current account balance is identified as the successful management strategy to prevent these financial crises in future. The secondary source of information revealed some more meaningful strategies. South East Asia comprises of nations like Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Hongkong and South Korea. They were recognized as tiger economies as the rate of economic growth was quite phenomenal within a short period. However, the economies of South East Asian countries witnessed a debacle in 1997-1998 leading to the sudden collapse of the financial sector. The South East Asian financial meltdown, experienced in late 1997, was considered to be one of the most serious financial debacles we have had since the 1930s. Approximately an amount of more than a trillion dollars was eroded during this crisis. It took considerably longer period for all these nations to witness the past glory, to recover from this financial crisis. However, there was a substantial recovery in some of the region's markets and investors sorted out specific strengths and weaknesses, differentiating among national economies. The weaknesses in financial markets of China and Japan were als o exposed. Hence there is a strong need to study and analyze the factors responsible for this debacle so that efficient management measures can be taken for preventing the similar type of incidents in future. Keeping this in view the present study is being formulated with the following research aim and objectives. Several researchers documented the causes for South East Asian financial crisis of 1997 (FN 1, FN 2, FN 3 and FN 4, FN 5 and FN 6, FN 7 and FN 8, FN 9). The East Asian financial crisis was reported to be originated in July 1997 in Thailand and it severely affected currencies, stock exchanges and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered Tiger economies (FN 10).

Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth Essay - 2

Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth - Essay Example These include the religion of Islam which was revealed by the prophet Muhammad and its adherents are spread all over the world such as in the Middle Eastern countries (Swatos & Kivisto, 998). Second, the religion of Christianity is notably the largest faith and has its teachings firmly grounded in the Bible. Evidently, it has approximately over 2 billion followers in the entire. Buddhism is equally another famous religion which teaches the adherents on the best way of living in accordance to Siddharta Gautama (Swatos & Kivisto, 998). Hinduism is a religion in which the faithful have their ideas firmly founded on Indian religious beliefs. The Candomble religion represents an African driven belief system of religion that traces its origins and followers in Brazil. On the other hand, Taoism connotes ancient religious, philosophical tradition that has its belief founded in Chinese worldview. There are equally contemporary and growing religions such as the Bahai religion. The aforemention ed religions are just but a sample of the many religions in the Earth. Their existence and adherents that subscribe to the religions offer part of the proof of the religious nature of man on Earth. The belief in the existence of supernatural beings is a foundational precinct in the belief system of religious people. To this end, they acknowledge the existence of supernatural beings such as gods, spirits or a supreme God. Evidently, the belief in supernatural beings offers a connection to the existence and experiences of humans. For example, among Christians they believe in a supernatural being of God who is composed of three elements. That is, The Holy Spirit, God the Father and God the Son. In addition, they believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of God. On the other hand, the Islamic adherents believe in Allah as a supernatural being and in Muhammad as his prophet. The Hindus on their part believe in the existence of 330 million gods but in one supreme ultimate god known as the Brahman. Contemporary religions such as Bahai express their faith in Bahaullah as the reincarnation or

The Structure Of Skeletal Muscle Biology Essay

The Structure Of Skeletal Muscle Biology Essay Skeletal Muscle is a form of fibrous tissue with the fibers arranged parallel to each other. A muscle fiber (cell) is surrounded by the endomysium. A group of these cells is wrapped by fascicles. Bundles of fascicles are covered by the perimysium and bundles of the perimysium are wrapped by the epimysium to form a muscle. The muscle fibers have contractile properties which enable them to move bony levers in order to produce skeletal movement1. The functional unit of the muscle fiber is the sacomere which consists of most importantly, actin and myosin. The actin and myosin are arranged such that during contraction, they can slide over each other thus shortening the muscle2. Muscles suffer from many diseases, one of which is polymyositis. This is an inflammatory myopathy that affects mainly the muscles of the thorax and those around the torso. It affects all age groups but has been noticed mainly in late childhood and early adulthood. The sypmtomps are nonspecific but results in general muscle weakness and the cause, though believed to be an invasion by the white blood cells, is not very clear10. 2.0 The Structure of Skeletal Muscle. In daily life, structures and arrangements of designs are dictated, to a large extent by the purpose and function for which the design is meant for. Knowing that skeletal muscle is made up mainly of fibrous tissues, the arrangement of these tissues and how they are bound together to maintain a particular shape in order to accomplish different purposes (mainly to generate force and produce movement) may to a large extent, define the structure of the muscle4. At a macro level, the skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of individual muscle fibers, the supporting structure called the basal lamina, and the connective tissue sheaths as shown in figure 1. These connective tissues bind the cells together giving them strength and partly providing mechanical protection2. We can examine these connective tissues and their functions as follows: 2.1 The basal lamina. This is an extracellular matrix that acts as a scaffold on which a cell sits. It has been realized that apart from providing structural support, the basal lamina can orient and constrain cell during the process of regeneartion3. 2.2 The endomysium. This is a fine sheath of connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle cell. The endomysium consist of loosely interlacing fibers composed mainly of collagen4. 2.3 The perimysium and fascilces. The individual muscle fibers wrapped by the endomysium, are grouped together in what is called fascicles. A layer of fibrous tissue called the perimysium wraps each fascicle4. 2.4 The epimysium. This is the outside layer that finally wraps the whole muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue4. Figure 1 Source: http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Muscular/muscle_structure.jpg 3.0 The muscle cell Having described how individual muscle cells are organized into a muscle, it is imperative that we look at the structural composition of the cell itself. Just like many other cells in the body are specialized according to their functions, skeletal muscle cells are specialized to produce force and movement5. The skeletal muscle fiber is thus composed of mainly three structural elements:-the myofibrils, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria, each contributing a unique aspect of muscle function. The entire function of the muscle can be attributed to the shifts in proportions of these three structures6. 3.1 The Myofibrills. These are cylindrical specialized sub-units within the muscle fiber. They consist of two types of contractile protein filaments-the thin filaments referred to as actin and the thick filaments referred to as myosin. The two most important parameters of the myofibrils are their diameter which determines its strength and the fiber length which determines it contraction velocity and distance over which the fiber can contract. The myofibril consist of two filaments-actin and myosin6,2. 3.1.1 Actin (thin filament). Actin filaments are responsible for regulation of contraction. The actin filament is formed by a helical arranged of actin monomers which is an ambiguous protein2 (figure 2). Because of the helical nature, a long grove is formed along the filament and the protein troponin is located at intervals along the length of the actin filament. It is troponin which is responsible for turning on contraction2,7. Figure 2.The actin molecule. Source: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~sjjgsca/Muscleslidingfilament1.gif 3.1.2 The Myosin (thick filament). Myosin filament is about 150nm long. It has a tail and two heads. The tail is formed by two helical shaped fibers that coil around each other. A collection of several of these helical tails together form a myosin filament (figure 3)4b. Figure 3. The myosin molecule. Source: http://webanatomy.net/anatomy/myosin.jpg. 3.2 The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Groups of about 200 thick and thin filaments constitute a myofibril. Each myofibril is thus enclosed in a membrane called the sarcoplasmic reticulum8. The SR membrane stores and releases calcium during muscle contraction and relaxation. The SR can therefore be thought of as the functional unit of the myofibril9. 3.3 The mitochondria. Found within the cell cytoplasm, the mitochondria are responsible for generation of most of the cells energy by the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). There are several mitochondria distributed along the length of a myofibril4. 4.0 The mechanism of muscle contraction Muscle contraction can largely be attributed to the structure of actin and myosin, their arrangement within the SR and the interaction between them in order to produce force (Figure 4). This type of arrangement allows the thin actin filaments to slide in and out by the action pull of the myosin heads8b. Figure 4. Actin and myosin arrangement: Source: http://www.exrx.net/Images/ActinMyosin.gif Muscles are composed of a number of actin and myosin filaments arranged in series in a basic unit called the sacomere. The sacomere consists of a thick filament in the meddle and two thin filaments, one overlapping on each side. The heads of the thick filament attach to the thin filament at the overlap and these heads allow movement in only one direction. When activated, each thick filament head rachets repeatedly along the actin, pulling the two actins closer together. Since the actin are attached to the Z line (The distance between two Z lines form the sacomere), ends of the sacomere (Z lines) are pulled in and the sacomere shortens. The sacomeres are arranged in series so that when the muscle fiber contracts, all the sacomeres contract simultaneously transmitting the force to the end of the muscle. The whole process of contraction described above occurs when the muscle is electrically stimulated2b. 5.0 Muscle stimulation. Skeletal muscle cells are stimulated by the motor neurons of the somatic nervous system. The reception of the motor stimulus (action potential) opens the calcium channels allowing calcium which is stored in the SR to be released. The release of calcium causes the release of acetylcholine-Ach (neurotransmitter). The calcium binds to the troponin on the actin filament. Troponin then regulates the tropomyosin which obstructs binding sites for myosin. This allows the tropomyosin to move, unblocking the bonding site. Myosin then binds to the unblocked site on the actin and applies a pull. This will pull the Z bands towards each other thus shortening the sacomere, causing muscle contraction2b. However, as calcium is released, the ATP-dependent calcium pump is activated and it continuously pumps calcium back to the SR to be stored again. This leads to a drop in calcium level within the cytoplasm. When the calcium level is too low, the calcium binding action to troponin is terminated, releasing tropomyosin which again blocks the binding site. This stops the interaction between actin and myosin thus relaxing the muscle2b. 6.0 Muscle Diseases There are a number of muscular diseases and disorders ranging from acquired, familial to congenital. Limiting ourselves to one of the acquired disorders of the muscles, lets look at polymyositis. 6.1 Polymyositis (PM). PM is a type of muscle inflammatory myopathy. Just like the name suggests, this disease causes inflammation of the muscle fiber. Although the causes of the disease are not well understood, it is believed that PM begins when white blood cells, spontaneously invade muscles. This can result in severe muscle weakness. Polymyositis is a persistent disease characterized by periods of increased and reduced or no symptoms. PM affects mainly the muscles of the thorax and is more common in women than men. It is said to affect all age groups although is it commonly noted in early childhood or 20s10. Key pathologic and diagnostic features of the disease. Endomysial inflammation. This is the inflammation of the outer connective tissue that surrounds the muscle fiber. This is done by the white blood cells that leave the blood and enter the tissue, somehow confirming the earlier assertion that the PM begins when white blood cells invade muscles. Invasion of myofibers by autoaggressive lymphocytes. This is when the T lymphocytes begin to attack the intact myofibers. Unlike in muscle dystrophy where inflammation is associated with degenerating myofibers, the invasion of T lymphocytes causes inflammation of health myofibers in PM.This causes inflammation of healthy myofibers. Other diagnostic features that may not be exactly specific to PM include myofiber necrosis, myophagocytosis, myofiber atrophy and fibrosis, a feature of chronic PM10,11. 7.0 Conclusion Human movement is only possible because of the action of muscle contraction. Voluntary contraction of muscle is made possible by the somatic nervous system which sends out an action potential activating the contraction process. The process is accomplished by the sliding of myosin and actin over each other. Many diseases and disorders affect muscles, prominent among them is muscular polymyosis which causes inflammation of the muscles mainly around the torso. Its believed to be caused by the unwanted action of the white blood cells and the symptoms include muscle weakness.

Malunggay Essay

Theoretical Framework The following theories provide framework of this research. This study was anchored on the Theory of Kramer (1995). â€Å"The Texture Measurements of Foods: Psychological Fundamental, Sensory, Mechanical, and Chemical Procedures, and their Interrelationships (1995),† that sensory quality of foods, being a psycho-physical phenomenon, should be systemized or classified accordance with the sense by which the various attributes of quality are perceived by the consumer. The following attributes are used to determine and measure the quality of a product: appearance, taste, texture and aroma. As positioned by the author appearance includes factors such as size, shape, color, and external attributes such as the attractiveness of the icon or logo. Size and shapes are measurements often used as grade standards or to differentiate between items. The assessment of size and shape is often a subjective process although, for many products, visual guide have been developed. Color is the primary indicatory of maturity is the result of the type and quan tity of pigments in the product. Changes in color are often related to freshness or deterioration of the product. Color can be measured by many visual or mechanical methods. On the other hand, taste is the perception of chemical compounds on the tongue and other nerve endings of the mouth. The basic tastes are sweet, sour, bitter, and astringent. Sweetness is directly related to sugars into the food and the sugar to acid ratio. Sourness is the result of the organic acids present. Compounds such as those in citrus fruits or coffee usually impart bitterness, where astringency is often the result of tannins such as the phenolic compounds in grapes (Kramer, 1995). Also, texture is â€Å"the composite of those properties which arise from the structural elements of a product, and the manner in which this composite registrars with the physiological sense† (Szczesniak, 2005). Most textural characteristics, except firmness are evaluated as mouth feels, i.e. the impression on the tongue, palate and teeth. In production , common textural characteristics include tenderness, crispiness, crunchiness, chewiness, and fibrousness. Texture is generally determined by measuring force applied to the food. Lastly, aroma is the sum of the compounds perceived by the nose. It is very difficult to determine objectively since it is a combination of qualitative predominant and quantitative traits in a food product. Fruits and vegetables are rich in  aromatic compounds; many of which are yet to be identified. Thus, in identifying the quality of the ordinary meat burger patties and the quality of the new product innovation which is the malunggay burger patty, the researchers used Kramer’s classification of quality to collect the raw data from the respondents. Another theory to support this study is the â€Å"Diffusion of Innovations Theory† by Thurber and Fahey (2009). This theory is used to describe well the evidence for growth and adoption of dietary Malunggay or Moringa oleifera and it highlights the need for a scientific consensus on the nutritional benefits. Diffusion is the process by which an innovat ion is communicated through curtain channels over time among the members of a social system. According to Thurber and Fahey (2009), the rate of adoption and possibilities of over adoption can be predicted using five characteristics of a new innovation. In order for Moringa oleifera to be adopted and for its wide spread use to be promoted, evidence must be provided for the following attributes: The first attribute is called Relative Advantage which is the extent to which an innovation is perceived as being better or more useful than the idea it supersedes. Then, it is followed by the Compatibility which means the measure of how well an innovation is consistent with existing social and cultural practices, if it is likeable, and whether it meets the need of potential adopters. On the other hand Complexity is the level to which the innovation is perceived to be difficult to understand or use. Another attribute is Observability which is used to describe how well the results of the innovation can be seen and communicated to others. And finally, Trialability which refers to the ability of an innovation to be experimented with. The Diffusion of Innovations Theory is used to determine the rate of adaptation of the Malunggay or Moringa oleifera. Using this theory, it will give accurate knowledge on the effectiveness and health benefits of Malunggay or Moringa oleifera shall be known. Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of this research shall focus on the independent variables such as the respondent’s age, gender and grade level. Likewise, the dependent variables of the study are the respondent’s evaluation regarding the product in terms of appearance, taste, texture and aroma. Once these dimensions are known, a proposed Food Feeding Program shall be formulated.

My Name Is Jack And I Am Known As A Freak - 1796 Words

My name is Jack and I am known as a freak. I don’t know how or when I have come to accept this but nevertheless it is true. I live in a small shack deep within the forest with my adopted father and 2 older siblings. As I would believe not only I but the rest of my family would be labeled as freaks as well but unlike me they never cared about their labels so why did I. As my thought process began to move faster I heard a knock on my door. â€Å"Jack, are you alright? We haven’t seen you in a while.† I looked at my bedroom do for while then responded. â€Å"I’m fine father, just thinking about some things. Alright,† I heard him say,† come out when you’re ready. I’ll be out doing my runs for today.† I then heard him walk off and the front door closing. I stared at the ceiling for a second then walked in front of bedroom mirror. When I looked through I saw a monster. The monster was wearing black gloves and hoodie covering his head and brown hair. Along with this it was wearing a light blue mask with dried black ooze going down the eyelids. I looked at the monster then cringed in anger and fear and punched the mirror shattering it into pieces. As the mirror pieces hit the ground I stared at my fist and frowned under my mask. As I walked out of my room I saw my older brother Jeff laughing towards my older sister Jane while playing with his knife. He noticed me and grinned. Jeff was like me, a freak of nature. He always wore a white sweatshirt covered in theShow MoreRelatedMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare as a Satire Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesof the wars won, and the bravery of certain soldiers. The mood in this opening dialogue would be deadly serious if it wasnt for Beatrice making a mockery of the brave and valorous Signor Mountanto. How many hath he killed? For I promise to eat all of his killing. 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Machiavelli Personal and Political Implications Essay...

Machiavelli: Personal and Political Implications And since it is Fortune that does everything, it is she who wishes us to leave her alone, to be quiet and not give her trouble, and wait until she allows us to act again; then you will do well to strive harder, to observe things more closely.... (67)* Letter to Francesco Vettori in Rome December 10, 1513. Machiavelli is praised for the political implications of his writing in The Prince. However, many do not see the personal implications of Machiavellis work, because the motivations for action are spoken in terms of political domination and the acquisition of power. There are underlying principles that speak of domination not only of cities and nations, but the domination of the†¦show more content†¦Machiavelli analogizes Fortune to a river, a contemplative force that directs its path through weakness where she knows that dikes and embankments are not constructed to hold her (159). 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